It has only recently invaded the USA where its numbers have grown rapidly. In: Trapping and the detection, control, and regulation of Tephritid fruit flies: lures, aarea-wide programs, and trade implications [ed. Trapping Guidelines for area-wide fruit fly programmes. In Australia both species attack a similar range of hosts and can even be reared from the same individual specimens of field-collected fruit (Gibbs, 1967). I. Taxonomy, In: Drew RAI, Hooper, GHS, Bateman MA, eds. > 10°C, Cold average temp. Parasitoids appear to have little effect on the populations of most fruit flies and Fletcher (1987) noted that 0-30% levels of parasitism are typical. Annual Review of Entomology, 32:115-144, Fletcher BS, 1989. Abstract Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a highly polyphagous fruit fly which, in the last 15 years, has invaded (with or without establishment) Africa, Europe and North America. less invasive, whereas in historical times Q-fly has invaded southeastern Australia and areas of Western Australia and the North-ern Territory. Evolution, 54:899-910, Nguyen VL, Meats A, Beattie GAC, Spooner-Hart R, Liu ZM, Jiang L, 2007. https://www.ippc.int/, IPPC, 2015. Distribution Maps of Pests, Series A (Agricultural), 110. While there is growing awareness about fruit fly, most people are not on the look-out for the distinctively yellow patterned Queensland fruit fly. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 122(3):215-221. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/eea, Osborne R, Meats A, Frommer M, Sved JA, Drew RAI, Robson MK, 1997. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. There is no genetic evidence that the two species hybridize (Gilchrist and Ling, 2006). Losses caused by fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) in seven Pacific Island countries. Fruit Flies of Economic Significance. An isolated catch of B. tryoni in a cue lure baited trap in California (Foote et al., 1993) probably had an origin of this sort. Key to and status of opiine braconid (Hymenoptera) parasitoids used in biological control of Ceratitis and Dacus s.l. The egg of B. oleae was described in detail by Margaritis (1985) and those of other species are probably very similar. Scutum without a medial vitta. It is also invaded and established in New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Pitcairn Islands in the South Pacific (Leblanc et al. Males of B. tryoni are attracted to cue lure, sometimes in very large numbers. https://www.ippc.int/, Jessup AJ, Dominiak B, Woods B, Lima CPFde, Tomkins A, Smallridge CJ, 2007. It can [t be purchased commercially. III. A few males have been trapped in Papua New Guinea but it is unlikely to be established there (Drew, 1989). See also CABI/EPPO (1998, No. Pests in Tomato Crop I think I have Queensland fruit fly in my tomatoes. Allwood AJ, Leblanc L, 1997. However, it occurs sympatrically with B. neohumeralis, which also has that feature but from which it differs in having yellow postpronotal (=humeral) lobes. Many transient incursions, some eradicated, remainder dying out without action, Managed forests, plantations and orchards, Aw - Tropical wet and dry savanna climate, < 60mm precipitation driest month (in winter) and < (100 - [total annual precipitation{mm}/25]), Cf - Warm temperate climate, wet all year, Warm average temp. ... et al. Combined with an insecticide it can be impregnated into small caneite blocks or other absorbent material. By 2009 mean (±SD) F. arisanus parasitism for fruit flies infesting Psidium guajava (common guava), Inocarpus fagifer (Polynesian chestnut) and Terminalia catappa (tropical almond) fruits on Tahiti Island was 64.8 ± 2.0%. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. Pattern on abdomen diffuse to distinct. Size, 0.8 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, with the micropyle protruding slightly at the anterior end. EPPO, 2020. The percentage of produce lost has been estimated to be 10-50% in tropical Asia and Oceania and higher levels can occur in other parts of the world if control measures are not in place (Allwood and Leblanc, 1997). Medial longitudinal stripe on T3-5. The Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) is a significant horticultural pest in Australia, and has also established in other parts of the Pacific. NZL-01/1. The main way that Queensland fruit fly spreads to new areas is by being carried in infested host fruit and vegetables. Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (=Dacus tryoni (Froggatt)), Diptera: Tephritidae, Queensland fruit-fly. Reported Long-Distance Flight of the Invasive Oriental Fruit Fly and Its Trade Implications. Distribution maps of quarantine pests for Europe (edited by Smith IM, Charles LMF). Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 17:699-718, Bateman MA, Insunza V, Arretz P, 1973. tryoni has a distribution almost entirely sympatric with B. neohumeralis, and both species attack a similar range of hosts, although B. tryoni is by far the more damaging. Three Australian tephritid fruit flies (Bactrocera tryoni - Q-fly, Bactrocera neohumeralis - NEO, and Bactrocera jarvisi - JAR) are promising models for genetic studies of pest status and invasiveness. What crops are most at risk from the fruit fly? 1: History, world distribution, botany, and varieties [ed. That revised list recorded B. tryoni from 49 families of plants, represented by 234 species. Bulletin of Entomological Research (2001) 91, 139–147 DOI: 10.1079/BER200075Microsatellite analysis of the Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera:Tephritidae) indicates spatial structuring: implications for population control H. Yu, M. Frommer, M.K The Q-fly and NEO species pair is of particular interest. Rome, Italy: FAO. Mortality due to vertebrate fruit consumption can be very high, as can puparial mortality in the soil, either due to predation or environmental mortality (see White and Elson-Harris, 1994, for brief review). A Regional Symposium, Nadi, Fiji. The control of tephritid fruit flies is practised in two ways. Host fruit (PDF, 894 KB)cannot be transported into the Greater Sunraysia Pest Free Area or across some state borders unless the consignment is accompanied by an industry certification arrangeme… Area-wide management of fruit flies in Australia. Private individuals who successfully smuggle fruit are likely to discard it when they discover that it is rotten. [Erratum: In previous versions of this datasheet, it was stated that “many Bactrocera spp. Control; classical biological control of fruit-infesting Tephritidae, In: Robinson AS, Hooper G, eds. In 2002 a natural enemy, Fopius arisanus (Sonan), was released and established. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 26:521 pp, Drew RAI, Zalucki MP, Hooper GHS, 1984. Population Ecology, 42:153-160, Rungrojwanich K, Walter GH, 2000. There are about 4,500 species of tephritid flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Meats, D.C.A. NZL-04/2, Rome, Italy: FAO. Adults occur throughout the year in 4-5 overlapping generations and overwinter as adults; up to 70 individuals have been recorded as developing from a single infested fruit (Christenson and Foote, 1960). Isolated population of Bactrocera tryoni. Damage levels can be anything up to 100% of unprotected fruit. Abdomen not wasp waisted. This is a very serious pest of a wide variety of fruits throughout its range. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. How natural predators can affect the survival, reproduction and Q-fly con-trol by SIT is still unknown. Brisbane, Australia: Queensland Department of Primary Industries. malathion) mixed with a proteinaceous bait (usually termed ‘protein’). > 0°C, wet all year, Cs - Warm temperate climate with dry summer, Warm average temp. Queensland Fruit Fly is a very serious pest of great economic significance because of the damage caused to the fruit industry. World Crop Pests [ed. World Crop Pests 3(B). Their Identification and Bionomics. Australian Journal of Entomology, 36(1):45-50, Poona S, 2003. The distribution of NEO is contained entirely within the wider distribution of Q-fly and the two species are ecologically extremely similar, with no known differences in pheromones, temperature tolerance, or host-fruit utilisation. Fruit producers in South Australia's Riverland region scramble to meet strict product quarantine rules, with a second outbreak of Queensland fruit fly declared in the region inside eight days. in southern Mexico, and may be influential in partial biological control of that species (Aluja et al. Economic losses are estimated at $300 million which includes control and loss of production, postharvest treatments, on‐going surveillance for area freedom and loss or limit to domestic and international markets. II. We will inevitably see more Queensland fruit flies arrive in New Zealand. for several days to allow hardening and full colour to develop, before they can Citrus reunited. Robson, A.W. Frons - 2 pairs frontal setae; 1 pair orbital setae. Head: Stomal sensory organs large, rounded, each with 3 sensilla and surrounded by 6 large unserrated preoral lobes; oral ridges with 9-12 rows of deeply serrated, bluntly rounded teeth; 8-12 small, serrated accessory plates; mouthhooks large, heavily sclerotised, without preapical teeth. Factors supporting the non-persistence of fruit fly populations in South Australia. Impacts on natural habitats are unlikely because B. tryoni is a generalist and is mainly abundant in crops, villages and towns, and in natural habitats it would be only one of several fruit fly species present (Drew et al., 1984; Raghu et al., 2000). Citrus (Rutaceae): a review of recent advances in etymology, systematics and medical applications. Impacts on biodiversity are also unlikely for the same reasons as for impacts on natural habitats. Queensland fruit fly destroys a wide variety of fruit crops due to their habit of laying eggs inside maturing and ripe fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology. Monitoring is largely carried out by traps (as above) set in areas of infestation. Damage levels can be anything up to 100% of unprotected fruit. IPPC Official Pest Report, No. Fruit Flies: Biology, natural enemies and control, 3B:241-252, Meats A, 1989. https://www.ippc.int/, IPPC, 2015. Horticultural mineral oil (HMO) is strongly repellent to female B. tryoni and can be used successfully to protect fruit in small crops, including home gardens (Nguyen et al., 2007; Meats et al., 2012).Male Suppression/Annihilation Techniques and SIT. Wing (male) with a deep indent in posterior margin. Fruit Fly Control – Make Your Own Fruit Fly Traps. attack prior to ripening.Chemical Control Fruit Flies; their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. However, as far as fruit flies are concerned an unequivocal answer to the question - whether there is an impact of a pest species on other species in a district - should be assessed only by experiment or by incubating field-sampled fruit individually in order to rear out and identify surviving adult insects (see for example Gibbs, 1967; Fitt, 1986). Crop Protection, 29(5):462-469. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02612194, Mabberley DJ, 2000. Queensland fruit fly is the most costly horticultural pest in Australia and it has invaded other countries in the surrounding region. Biology of fruit flies. Also, a hitchhiker that is difficult to detect, it is difficult to control with pesticides. Postharvest heat treatments: effects on commodity, pathogens and insect pests. NZL-04/2. Crop Protection, 36:1-6. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02612194, Meats A, Edgerton JE, 2008. Rome, Italy: FAO. This has been termed the ‘male annihilation technique’ (MAT). B. tryoni is the most serious insect pest of fruit and vegetable crops in Australia, and it infests all commercial fruit crops, other than pineapple (Drew, 1982). B. tryoni, the Queensland fruit fly, is the most costly horticultural pest in Australia and has invaded several countries in the surrounding region (White and Elson-Harris, 1994). Commercial varieties affected include abiu, apple, avocado, babaco, capsicum, carambola, casimiroa, cherry, citrus, custard apple, granadilla, grape, guava, kiwifruit, mango, nectarine, papaya, passionfruit, peach, pear, persimmon, plum, pomegranate, prune, quince, loquat, santol, sapodilla, tamarillo, tomato and wax jambu. Wallingford, UK: CABI, Cameron E C, Sved J A, Gilchrist A S, 2010. Unfortunately, lack of quarantine barriers meant it soon re-invaded. europaea (European olive), Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower), Passiflora quadrangularis (giant granadilla), Passiflora suberosa (corkystem passionflower), Solanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade), Syzygium paniculatum (australian brush-cherry), http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm, https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429355738/chapters/10.1201/9780429355738-2, nucleus.iaea.org/sites/naipc/twd/Newsletters/, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Thus from 1983 yeast autolysate was used instead (Madge et al., 1997). https://www.ippc.int/, IPPC, 2015. Distribution Maps of Pests, Series A (Agricultural) (No.110). puncture marks and any associated necrosis. by Perez-Staples, D., Diaz-Fleischer, F., Montoya, P., Vera, M. T.]. Technical Document No. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 76(1):1-11, Smith D, Nannan L, 1988. Calophyllum inophyllum (Alexandrian laurel), Diospyros virginiana (persimmon (common)), Eremocitrus glauca (Australian desert lime), Olea europaea subsp. by Drew RAI, Hooper GHS, Bateman MA]. The larvae then hatch and proceed to consume the fruit, causing the fruit to decay and drop prematurely. In: Area-Wide Management of Fruit Fly Pests, [ed. Adult flight and the transport of infected fruit are the major means of movement and dispersal to previously uninfected areas. Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. There are some other generic combinations, most notably Dacus tryoni. by Reuther, W. \Webber, H. J. As a direct result of these invasions, there is increasing research interest in the invasion history and spread patterns of this fly. B. tryoni could be confused with B. aquilonis (May), a species known only from northern Western Australia and the Northern Territory. There is genetic evidence that the two species hybridize (Morrow et al., 2000). Fruits (Paris), 63(4):209-217. http://www.fruits-journal.org/, Vijaysegaran S, 1997. B. tryoni has never been found in Tasmania. It is a member of subgenus Bactrocera and can therefore sometimes be cited as Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tryoni. Southern Bluefin Tuna Aquaculture Subprogram. Thorax: Predominant colour of scutum red-brown. Cell br (narrowed part) with extensive covering of microtrichia. It affects all summerfruit crops … Eggs are laid below the skin of the host fruit. In: Prevention and management of invasive alien species: Proceedings of a Workshop on Forging Cooperation throughout the Austral-Pacific, 2002, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii [ed. New South Wales Department of Agriculture, Sydney, Australia, Gibbs GW, 1967. Host preference and host suitability in an egg-pupal fruit fly parasitoid, Fopius arisanus (Sonan) (Hym., Braconidae). Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 44(1):109-126, Meats A, 1989. The biology of dacine fruit flies. Using a field site located at the subtropical/temperate interface, with host fruits continuously available, we monitored the development times and abundance of B. tryoni, a species which has invaded temperate Australia from the tropics. It has the potential to expand its range to currently Q-fly-free areas and poses a serious threat to the Australian horticultural industry. This may be because the papaya fruit fly attacks fruit a few days earlier than the Queensland fruit fly and thus gains an advantage. Anterior spiracles: 9-12 tubules. Oecologia, 69:101-109, Fletcher BS, 1987. ACIAR Proceedings, 76:54-56, Quimio GM, Walter GH, 2001. Anal area: lobes well defined, surrounded by 3-5 discontinuous rows of spinules, becoming longer and stouter below anal opening.Puparium Male B. tryoni are collected in very large numbers in cue lure traps, which will also trap B. neohumeralis in slightly lower numbers in most of its range (Osborne et al., 1997). The Queensland fruit fly has so far been detected five times in the upper North Island in the past decade. The Queensland fruit fly in north Queensland breeds continuously provided suitable fruit is available. The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been used for localised outbreaks in quarantined areas (Jessup et al., 2007).Early Warning Systems Museum set specimen. South Australian Research and Development Institute. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer SBM, 685-697, Lloyd AC, Hamacek EL, Kopittke RA, Peek T, Wyatt PM, Neale CJ, Eelkema M, Gu HaiNan, 2010. Pest fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northwestern Australia: one species or two? The trap used will usually be modelled on the Steiner trap (White and Elson-Harris, 1994) or Lynfield (pot) trap (Cowley et al., 1990).Field Monitoring Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. ... and have invaded some South Pacific islands [6,7]. the costal band extends from the wing base, not just from cell sc [the stigma]). Bulletin of Entomological Research. Surstylus (male) without a long posterior lobe. Abolition of Fruit Fly Exclusion Zone. A good example and case study is given by Lloyd et al. The comparative ecology of two closely related sympatric species of Dacus (Díptera) in Queensland. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. Seasonal abundance, distribution, hosts and taxonomic placement of Dipterophagus daci Drew & Allwood (Strepsiptera: Dipterophagidae). 115-128. The protein most widely used in Australia was acid-hydrolysed yeast. Methyl eugenol The only pest species in Australia that this male lure attracts is the banana fruit fly. In southeastern fruit-growing regions, microsatellites suggest that some of these outbreaks might derive from genetically differentiated populations overwintering in or near the invaded area. Professor Clarke said Queensland growers had suffered more than $100 million in lost markets when the Papaya fruit fly invaded the country in the 90s. Queensland fruit fly infests both indigenous and introduced fruits. For further information on trapping Bactrocera species to monitor movement, see Weldon et al. (2000), much of which derives from host data gathered in a major survey in the Cairns area. https://www.ippc.int/en/, IPPC, 2017. NEO is much less invasive, whereas in historical times Q-fly has invaded southeastern Australia and areas of Western Australia and the Northern Territory. The Queensland fruit fly has so far been detected five times in the upper North Island in the past decade. The absence of Bactrocera tryoni in New Zealand is confirmed. Cell bc without extensive covering of microtrichia. The Queensland fruit fly is a species of fly in the family Tephritidae in the insect order Diptera. This is a simple physical barrier to oviposition but it has to be applied well before the fruit is attacked. The first "Olympic" sterile insects reared in a high-tech factory in South Australia have been released into the wild to help combat Queensland fruit flies. https://www.ippc.int/en/, IPPC, 2015a. B. tryoni was originally described as Tephritis tryoni by Froggatt in 1897 and two little-used synonyms are attributable to Tryon. Professor Clarke said Queensland growers had suffered more than $100 million in lost markets when the Papaya fruit fly invaded the country in the 90s. The tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinp) of the Australasian and Oceanian regions. Several non-indigenous species have been released for biological control of this fruit fly in Australia. The distribution of this species was mapped by Drew (1982) and IIE (1991).B. Keith Rankin Analysis – Fixing the 2020 New Zealand House Price… In: EPPO Global database, Paris, France: EPPO. as did the Queensland fruit fly last century. Scutum with lateral postsutural vittae (yellow/orange stripes), which do not extend anterior to suture, are tapered, and reach to the posterior supra-alar seta. In 2002 a natural enemy, Fopius arisanus (Sonan), was released and established. B. tryoni is larger than a house fly (wing length 4.8-6.3 mm). Many countries that are free of Bactrocera spp., such as the USA (California and Florida) and New Zealand, maintain a grid of methyl eugenol and cue lure traps, at least in high risk areas (ports and airports) if not around the entire climatically suitable area. Bateman et al. It's unusual for crops to be invaded 2 seasons in a row — a heavy infestation in 1 year rarely results in a further problem in the following season. What do I do to stop further infestation. Behavioural responses of female Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, to mineral oil deposits. The first is area-wide control that requires quarantine regulations and expensive technology such as SIT in a restricted and defendable area, but may require grower and community participation (Jessup et al., 2007). Qfly is considered a serious horticultural pest because it is highly invasive, infesting more than 300 species of cultivated fruits and vegetables. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are of potential interest for control of this fruit fly species as it pupates in the soil. (2010) favours the conclusion that B. tryoni is found in allopatric populations across northern Australia from north Queensland to the northwest coast of Western Australia. 11-53. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/25459. Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), is the economically most significant Australian tephritid pest species with a large invasion potential, yet relatively little work on its biological control has been undertaken. QFF has the potential to infest a wide range of horticultural crops, garden plants, native plants and weeds. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, White IM, Hancock DL, 1997. Thermal conditioning in Bactrocera tryoni eggs (Diptera: Tephritidae) following hot-water immersion. Anepisternal stripe not reaching as far as anterior notopleural seta. Plant Protection Bulletin, FAO, 21(5):114, Bayer RJ, Mabberley DJ, Morton C, Miller CH, Sharma IK, Pfeil BE, Rich S, Hitchcock R, Sykes S, 2009. > 0°C, dry winters), Mean maximum temperature of hottest month (ºC), Mean minimum temperature of coldest month (ºC), Pest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye, Stems (above ground)/Shoots/Trunks/Branches, Global register of Introduced and Invasive species (GRIIS). CABI is a registered EU trademark. Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label. by Shine, C. \Reaser, J. K. \Gutierrez, A. T.]. 9-25. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429355738/chapters/10.1201/9780429355738-2, IIE, 1991. The flies are claimed to infest all of the varieties of fruit grown in the 'm-eaexcept pineapples and to infest vegetables such as tomatoes and melons. 68-76. Australian Journal of Entomology, 45(2):157-162. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/servlet/useragent?func=showIssues&code=aen, Gilchrist AS, Meats AW, 2010. The genetic structure of populations of an invading pest fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, at the species climatic range limit. Applied Entomology and Zoology, Vol. Suspect fruits should be cut open Australian Journal of Zoology, 15(6):1123-1139 pp, Gilchrist AS, Ling AE, 2006. The minimum characters which differentiate B. tryoni from all other Bactrocera and Dacus spp. Pest free status of Ceratitis capitata and Bactrocera tryoni in Singapore. The Queensland fruit fly has been described as one of the biggest threats to New Zealand horticulture. Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a highly polyphagous fruit fly which, in the last 15 years, has invaded (with or without establishment) Africa, Europe and North America. Larval description from White and Elson-Harris (1994).Adult Irradiation is not accepted in most countries and many have now banned methyl bromide fumigation. > 10°C, Cold average temp. Thoracic and abdominal segments: a band of small posteriorly directed spinules encircling anterior portion of each thoracic segment. In: IPPC Official Pest Report, No. (1966a,b) pioneered combined MAT and bait spray in Australian coastal and inland towns and on Easter Island (Bateman et al.,1973; Bateman, 1982). A Regional Symposium, Nadi, Fiji. In: Robinson AS, Hooper G, eds. In southeastern fruit-growing regions, microsatellites suggest that some of these outbreaks might derive from genetically differentiated populations overwintering in or near the invaded area. Created Date: 10/30/2018 1:33:16 PM Yellow marking on both anatergite and katatergite. https://www.ippc.int/, Leblanc L, Vueti E T, Drew R A I, Allwood A J, 2012. Journal of Applied Entomology, 125(3):135-140, Raghu S, Clarke AR, Drew RAI, Hulsman K, 2000. However, there is evidence that some fruit flies have different host preferences in different parts of their range and host fruit surveys should also be considered as part of the monitoring process. In: Area-wide control of insect pests: from research to field implementation [ed. IPPC Official Pest Report, No. Handbook of the Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of America North of Mexico. The record for Tasmania in CABI/EPPO (1998) is an error. APPPC, 1987. These two species mate at different times of day (B. tryoni at dusk; B. neohumeralis ~ 10 AM–4 PM. Blumea, 49(2/3):481-498, Madge P, Mobbs P, Bailey P, Perepelicia N, 1997. 2nd ed. Fruit fly fauna in New Caledonia. Incipient founder populations of Mediterranean and Queensland fruit flies in Australia: the relation of trap catch to infestation radius and models for quarantine radius. B. tyroni are responsible for an estimated $28.5 … Notopleuron yellow. Other major wild hosts are Annona atemoya, Terminalia aridicola, T. muelleri, T. platyphylla, T. sericocarpa, T. subacroptera, Syzgium suborbiculare, S. tierneyanum and Nauclea orientalis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 76(4):721-742, Wharton RH, 1989. Josh Byrne. After 14 days of intensive surveillance and fruit monitoring, no further Queensland fruit flies have been detected. Compendium record. Fifty years of fruit fly eradication in South Australia. Biological Control Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 303-313, White IM, Elson-Harris MM, 1994. White I M, Elson-Harris M M, 1994. First International Symposium on Fruit Flies in the Tropics, Kuala Lumpur, 1988. In: IPPC Official Pest Report, Rome, Italy: FAO. A8 with well defined intermediate areas and large sensilla. Heat treatment tends to reduce the shelf life of most fruits and so the most effective method of regulatory control is to preferentially restrict imports of a given fruit to areas free of fruit fly attack.Cultural Control and Sanitary Methods 12 Tahiti Fruit Fly Eradication Programme reported that, eradication of Oriental fruit fly commenced in 1997, had to re-start the program in 1999 – 2001 (French Government funding). (2014).]. Queensland fruit fly Not present Invaded Native . Fauna of fruit flies in the Cook Islands and French Polynesia. After 14 days of intensive surveillance and fruit monitoring, no further Queensland fruit flies have been detected. PQR database. Movements of tephritid fruit flies. Short- and long-range dispersal of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni and its relevance to invasive potential, sterile insect technique and surveillance trapping. Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a highly polyphagous fruit fly which, in the last 15 years, has invaded (with or without establishment) Africa, Europe and North America. Water relations of Tephritidae. Due to the variable regulations around (de)registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or relevant authority should be consulted to determine which products are legally allowed for use in your country when considering chemical control. Provides a range of information on southern bluefin tuna research. Genetic variations among and within populations of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera; Tephritidae), detected by PCR-RFLP of the mitochondrial control region. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, IIE, 1991. Management of Fruit Flies in the Pacific. > 10°C, Cold average temp. Male sternite 5 V-shaped posteriorly.

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